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Beyond NPEs, towards High-Risk Credit.
The Hedgehog and the Fox.
Between specialization and versatility.

Verona
Palazzo della Gran Guardia


Connexum Alma Iura Credit Congress

Connexum is the leading international Congress on High-Risk Credit, conceived and organized by Alma Iura and now recognized as the place to be for the entire ecosystem. The event interprets the world of credit as a complex architecture made of legal and economic relationships; it explores the regulatory, economic, and market developments that influence asset management: from NPLs to UTPs, and the new forms of financing such as private credit.

With a scientific approach and outstanding technical rigour, Connexum combines scenario analysis, roundtables, and guided networking, transforming professional meetings into operational dialogue and tangible relationships for an ever evolving market.

The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.

Isaiah Berlin made it the title of a famous essay on Tolstoy and the philosophy of history, transforming that fragment into a lens through which we can read the world: there are those who reduce everything to a single idea and those who draw from an irreducible variety of perspectives. Jim Collins, in Good to Great, chose the hedgehog as a model: companies that become great crystallize their strategy into a single concept. Then came Philip Tetlock: first with twenty years of research on political forecasting, which demonstrated the superiority of foxes over expert hedgehogs; and later with the Good Judgment Project, where the best forecasters in the world (pragmatic, open to doubt, able to update their beliefs when facts change) even outperformed prediction markets.

So who is right? It depends on the market in which we operate.
The high-risk credit sector is at a turning point. The Italian NPL/UTP market has completed the great deleveraging cycle: recoveries are slowing down, portfolios are fragmenting, and the secondary market is changing its nature. European private credit, on the other hand, has grown from a niche into an institutional asset class, with an expected growth that could see it double by 2030. New asset classes are emerging (special situations, asset-backed finance, infrastructure credit) and with them new players, new skills, but also new risks.

Servicers have been quintessential hedgehogs: specialized in recovery and the optimization of static portfolios. However, the market now demands technological platforms, UTP management, re-performing loans, and artificial intelligence. Banks have used the hedgehog’s focus to clean up their balance sheets, but co-origination with private credit requires the versatility of the fox. Alternative funds are foxes by definition (multi-strategy and cross-border), yet without discipline foxes produce insignificant forecasts. Consultants face the same dilemma: hyper-specialization or expansion of knowledge?

The answer is not to choose one way or another, but rather, to become T-shaped players: vertical depth in what one does better than anyone else, but horizontal breadth in connecting skills, markets, and perspectives. The hedgehog guards the nexum (the bond that ties debtor and creditor); the fox builds the con (the network of relationships that transforms that bond into architecture). Those who can be both operate in the space we call Connexum.

In the end, this was precisely what Berlin described as the “tragic and paradoxical” dilemma that made Tolstoy great.

Marco Rossi, Creator and Scientific Coordinator of Connexum

«The fox knows many things, but the hedgehog knows one big thing.»
Archilochus, fr. 201 W², 7th century BC

WHO YOU WILL MEET AT THE EVENT

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SPEAKERS IN THE PAST EDITIONS, AMONG OTHERS:

PASQUALE BIANCHI
Bank of Italy – Head of the Inspection Coordination and Irregularities Analysis Division – Financial Intelligence Unit for Italy

PIERGIUSEPPE D’INNOCENZO
Bank of Italy – Previously Head of the On-site Supervisory Inspectorate

GIULIO DEL PRETE
European Central Bank (ECB) – Principal Supervisor – Head of On Site Inspection Division

JOHN FELL
European Central Bank (ECB) – Deputy Director General, Macroprudential Policy & Financial Stability

FEDERICO FRENI
Undersecretary at the Ministry of Economy and Finance

ROBERTO FONTANA
Court of Milan – Assistant District Attorney

RAINER MASERA
Università Marconi – Dean of the Faculty of Economics, former Italian Budget Minister and former Minister for European Union relations, Gruppo Sanpaolo IMI – former CEO and President

MARCELLO MINENNA
Consob – Former Head of the Quantitative Analysis Office. Now Director of The Customs and Monopoly Agency

ANDREA MUNARI
AMCO – CEO

NICOLA PAPA
European Central Bank (ECB) – Head of Section, Directorate General Specialised Institutions & LSIs, Division 4

FABIO PERATA
European Central Bank (ECB) – Head of Division – ECB Banking Supervision – DGSPL (Directorate General Microprudential Supervision on Specialised Lending Institutions)

GIOVANNI SABATINI
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Milano – Adjunct Professor

GIOVANNI SANTINI
Bank of Italy –Vice Chief of the Bank Supervision 1

PAOLO SAVONA
Consob – President

GIUSEPPE SIANI
Bank of Italy – Head of the Banking and Financial Supervision Office

TIZIANA TOGNA
Consob – Vice Director General and Intermediary Manager

SERGIO VENTO
Ambassador

Scientific Committee

To be defined

see the Scientific Committee 2025   

Agenda

TO BE DEFINED

Speakers

To be defined

see the speakers 2025   

Networking

Connexum tranforms time into strategic value, shifting from scientific high profile to high-level networking opportunities aimed at generating excellent leads and exclusive deals.

Networking Lunch

Networking Lunch

A private, well-organized setting, designed to transform conviviality into a high-profile business opportunity. The expert organization by Centro Studi Alma Iura ensures high-level networking opportunities, thus favouring strategic synergies between the sector’s most important decision-makers. All this in an exclusive setting.

Executive Networking

Executive Networking

A dynamic and highly efficient format, designed for the independent organization of targeted, high-level meetings. A privileged space, where the sector’s key players can get together, thus optimising the Congress agenda, thanks to direct and immediate value relationships.

Gala Dinner

Gala Dinner

The most exclusive Connexum event, designed to strengthen institutional and professional relations. A highly prestigious setting, where outstanding hospitality merges with top-level networking opportunities, in the historic heart of Verona.

Sponsorships

To be defined

See the Sponsorships 2025   

Partners and Sponsors

To be defined

If you wish to become a Sponsor of Connexum 2026, visit the page dedicated to you, where you will find all the information you need to be part of the Congress.
SOME FIGURES ABOUT THE PREVIOUS EDITION

40+ banks present


60+ servicers present


900+ participants

BE BANKERS: ALMA IURA MAGAZINE

Be Bankers

Be Bankers, the news outlet published by Alma Iura and directed by Riccardo Sabbatini, has become the editorial reference for the credit industry: authoritative and deeply rooted in the market, it offers operational content and targeted insights.
With an exceptional Editorial Committee composed of the leading players in the sector, Be Bankers has created a space for discussion where decision-makers gather information and share strategic visions.
Every day on the website you will find market insights, interviews, news, and in-depth analyses curated by the editorial team.

Be Bankers

Past editions

Since 2014, Alma Iura has been organizing the International Congress on Jurimetrics, Banking and Finance, a major event for financial professionals. Starting from 2019, the event has taken up the title “NPL&UTP” and has become a benchmark for professionals working in the sectors of Non-Performing Loans, finance and banking regulation.

Thanks to its high level scientific and technical approach, NPL&UTP focuses on the regulatory evolution and dynamics that influence the management of NPLs (Non-Performing Loans) and UTP (Unlikely-To-Pay), involving experts, financial institutions and professionals in this sector.

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The 11th edition of the National Congress on Jurimetrics, Banking and Finance, will be the ideal place where to discuss about the current state of the NPL industry. Operators that silently withdraw from the market and others that show some signs of weakness. However, we are also witnessing to mergers and acquisitions and large-scale divestitures”; and then, new EU-derived laws which will require a reconsideration of the roles of the many market players; the tendency to favour size, but also the choice of specialisation; Italy as a model at a European level in terms of NPLs and the role of Asset Management Companies; the Crisis Code, but also company crisis and, perhaps, crisis of the traditional way of doing banking; Stage 2 loans and the functional architecture of servicers as a support to banks; risk and portfolio pricing as a market constant, yet to be resolved; new technologies: much ado about nothing or a real game-changer?

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The recovery of non-performing loans and the management of likely defaults are, in essence, a form of art. As such, they hold the secrets of the “guild” and require the verbal exchange of knowledge; hence the opportunity to meet again in Verona to allow the “workshops” and their “artists” to share their experiences. New rules (a new crisis code and a new civil procedure reform) are forcing us to challenge consolidated practices. All this in the face of a persistent difficult economic situation, which makes the art of recovery and management increasingly challenging and increasingly subject to uncertainty. Added to this are doubts about a possible financial crisis.

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The 2021 edition – one year after the start of the pandemic – was marked by confusion, by the Krísis and, therefore, by choice and decision. The 2022 edition – with the ongoing health crisis and the resulting economic and social crisis – can be defined as Schmitt’s “state of exception” (Ausnahmezustand), where ordinary rules are broken, changed, and given new and unexpected connotations.
NPEs originate from a state of emergency; we could say that – in varying degrees of intensity – UTPs and NPLs are ontologically emergency situations. The NPE issue itself exploded in 2015-2016, because of its macroeconomic impact (everyone remembers the € 349 billions hanging over Italian banks’ balance sheets) and gave rise to new market operators, that, over the years, have evolved considerably, as have the sector’s operations, while remaining within the scope of a state of emergency (to be distinguished from a state of exception). The viral pandemic forced us into a true and proper state of exception. Historically every society develops its specific methods to manage and hopefully overcome their existential crises that can seriously threaten the foundations of the society itself. From Mesopotamia (with the debt jubilee in 2400 BC in Ebla) to Israel (with the scapegoat ritual), and then ancient Greece (with the pharmákōi ritual), human beings have invented social, economic and legal technologies to go back to a normal state that can guarantee social cohesion.

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“Crisis”, despite all appearances, is a beautiful word. It derives from the Greek krísis (κρίσις), and it means “choice, decision”, from the verb krino (κρίνω), which means “to distinguish, to judge”. 2021 will be the year of the crisis, the year in which market operators have to make choices and take fundamental decisions for their entrepreneurial future. It is the year of the crisis because need clearly distinguish between a liquidation approach towards NPLs and in addition a going concern approach to UTP. It will be the year of the crisis because we are, and we will be, on a crest (a word which has the same origin as crisis) and, thanks to the choices and decisions taken, we will finally understand on which side of the crest we are. We need to avoid the situation where we “will have no choice”. To do so it is fundamental to get together, discuss, share doubts and ideas, to avoid the crisis in its worst sense. The eighth edition of the Congress on Jurimetrics, Banking and Finance will be our ideal crest. Ad maiora

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The seventh edition of the event took place on 13th October, 2020 at Palazzo della Gran Guardia, a historic building in the centre of Verona. The city of Verona has always been a very lively financial centre, as it has long been the venue of some of the most important players in the banking and insurance market.
The event was followed by a gala dinner in the evening.

The banking and finance world has changed from being difficult to being complicated. The word “complicated” comes from the Latin phrase “cum plicum”, which means “folds, creases”. Therefore, the word “complicated” refers to something which is difficult to unravel, something which cannot be explained by a simple analytical approach, something that instead requires a systemic approach. We believe that the only way to govern complexity is to share ideas. As George Bernard Shaw wrote: “If you have an apple and I have an apple and we exchange these apples, then you and I will still each have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea and we exchange these ideas, then each of us will have two ideas.”

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The topic chosen for the 6th edition of the National Congress on Jurimetrics, Banking and Finance is the most relevant one today for banks and servicers, i.e. the NPLs and UTPs sector. The conference wants to address and explore the topic from different perspectives (regulators, credit institutions, servicers and lawyers), discussing models, reviewing deals, suggesting outlooks and helping seize opportunities. Participants include industry leaders eager to meet new business partners and explore trends: i.e. investors, credit institutions, servicers, rating agencies and advisors.

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